{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1790256642041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dual energy methods can suppress the contrast between adipose and glandular tissues in the breast and therefore enhance the visibility of calcifications. In this study, a dual energy method based on analytical modeling was developed for the detection of minimum microcalcification thickness. To this aim, a modified radiographic X-ray unit was considered, in order to overcome the limited kVp range of mammographic units used in previous DE studies, combined with a high resolution CMOS sensor (pixel size of 22.5\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m) for improved resolution. Various filter materials were examined based on their K-absorption edge. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was used to simulate microcalcifications. The contrast to noise ratio (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CNR<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>tc<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) of the subtracted images was calculated for both monoenergetic and polyenergetic X-ray beams. The optimum monoenergetic pair was 23\/58\u2009keV for the low and high energy, respectively, resulting in a minimum detectable microcalcification thickness of 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m. In the polyenergetic X-ray study, the optimal spectral combination was 40\/70\u2009kVp filtered with 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m cadmium and 1000\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m copper, respectively. In this case, the minimum detectable microcalcification thickness was 150\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m. The proposed dual energy method provides improved microcalcification detectability in breast imaging with mean glandular dose values within acceptable levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/574238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T17:05:21Z","timestamp":1436807121000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dual Energy Method for Breast Imaging: A Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Koukou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, 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