{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T23:25:27Z","timestamp":1780788327011,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many cases of dermatologic complication were reported with the use of skin lightening products. This study assessed the skin lightening practice and health symptoms among female students. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 104 female students (56 undergraduates and 48 postgraduates) aged<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">24<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>years in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A total of 60.6% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">63<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) of the female students used skin lightening products (61.9% of undergraduates and 38.1% of postgraduates). Reasonable price (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">35<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 55.6%) and ingredients (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">29<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 46%) were considered the most important factors in the product selection. Most respondents purchased the product from drugstores (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">39<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 61.9%). Twenty-two respondents (34.9%) in this study experienced skin problem from the products they used. Skin peeling (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">13<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 12.5%) and acne (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 8.7%) were the most frequent symptoms experienced. Most of the respondents have the perception that lighter skin provides high self-esteem (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">56<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 53.8%) and looks beautiful and healthier (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">54<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 51.9%). The use of skin lightening products is common among female students in this study and some of these products can cause skin problems such as skin peeling, acne, and itching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/591790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T16:01:25Z","timestamp":1448553685000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Preliminary Study on the Skin Lightening Practice and Health Symptoms among Female Students in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Siti Zulaikha","family":"Rusmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharifah Norkhadijah","family":"Syed Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarva Mangala","family":"Praveena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14631360600736215"},{"key":"2","first-page":"100","volume":"17","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists"},{"issue":"4","key":"3","first-page":"142","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Pan African Studies"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.02719.x"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03629.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04463.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"51","volume":"21","year":"2002","journal-title":"West African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"14","volume-title":"Annex II part 1\u2014list of substances which must not form part of the composition of cosmetic products","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","first-page":"154","volume":"45","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dakar M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12104"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05161.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2015\/591790.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2015\/591790.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2015\/591790.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T19:06:05Z","timestamp":1469646365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2015\/591790\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["591790","591790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/591790","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9805","1687-9813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9805","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}