{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:14:40Z","timestamp":1772770480048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG Exc 257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG Exc 257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Carotid artery disease (CAD) comprising high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) or carotid artery occlusion (CAO) may lead to ipsilateral impaired cerebral blood flow and reduced retinal blood supply.<jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To examine the influence of chronic CAD on retinal blood flow, retinal morphology, and visual function.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Patients with unilateral CAS \u2265 50% (ECST criteria) or CAO were grouped according to the grade of the stenosis and to the flow direction of the ophthalmic artery (OA). Retinal perfusion was measured by transorbital duplex ultrasound, assessing central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow velocities. In addition, optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameter were measured. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to study retinal morphology. Visual function was assessed using high- and low-contrast visual paradigms.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. Eyes with CAS \u2265 80%\/CAO and retrograde OA blood flow showed a significant reduction in CRA peak systolic velocity (no-CAD side:<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>0.130<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.035<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009m\/s, CAS\/CAO side:<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>0.098<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.028<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>12<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). OCT, optic nerve thicknesses, and visual functional parameters did not show a significant difference.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Despite assessable hemodynamic effects, chronic high-grade CAD does not lead to gaugeable morphological or functional changes of the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/604028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1445327210000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["No Evidence for Retinal Damage Evolving from Reduced Retinal Blood Flow in Carotid Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Henning","family":"He\u00dfler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kauert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, K\u00f6nigin-Elisabeth-Herzberge Hospital, 10365 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan J.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, 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