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Here we use neonatal hypoxia\u2010ischemia brain injury model in 7\u2010day\u2010old rats and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> hypoxia model with primary mixed glial culture and the BV\u20102 microglial cell line to assess the effects of hypoxia and hypoxic preconditioning on glial activation. Hypoxia\u2010ischemia brain insult induced significant brain weight reduction, profound cell loss, and reactive gliosis in the damaged hemisphere. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly attenuated glial activation and resulted in robust neuroprotection. As early as 2\u2009h after the hypoxia\u2010ischemia insult, proinflammatory gene upregulation was suppressed in the hypoxic preconditioning group. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments showed that exposure to 0.5% oxygen for 4\u2009h induced a glial inflammatory response. Exposure to brief hypoxia (0.5\u2009h) 24\u2009h before the hypoxic insult significantly ameliorated this response. In conclusion, hypoxic preconditioning confers strong neuroprotection, possibly through suppression of glial activation and subsequent inflammatory responses after hypoxia\u2010ischemia insults in neonatal rats. This might therefore be a promising therapeutic approach for rescuing neonatal brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/632592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T21:03:14Z","timestamp":1438030994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Hypoxic Preconditioning Suppresses Glial Activation and Neuroinflammation in Neonatal Brain Insults"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Chien-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Zen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Hsiang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chieh","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Nien","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Shiun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Mei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra041996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","volume-title":"Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe J. 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