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TFH cells can be identified by a combination of markers, including the chemokine receptor CXCR5, costimulatory molecules ICOS and PD\u20101, transcription repressor Bcl\u20106, and cytokine IL\u201021. It is difficult and impossible to get access to secondary lymphoid tissues in humans, so studies are usually performed with human peripheral blood samples as circulating counterparts of tissue TFH cells. A balance of TFH cell generation and function is critical for protective antibody response, whereas overactivation of TFH cells or overexpression of TFH\u2010associated molecules may result in autoimmune diseases. Emerging data have shown that TFH cells and TFH\u2010associated molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO)\/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). 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