{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:04:14Z","timestamp":1791223454131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":188,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a T cell\u2010driven autoimmune process, which majorly involves the diarthrodial joints. It affects 1% of the US population, and approximately 70% of patients with RA develop pathologies of the hand, especially of the metacarpophalangeal  joints (MCP). Furthermore, also the extensor and flexor tendons of the fingers are frequently involved. The first line of treatment should be conservative. Three general classes of drugs are currently available for RA: nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying antirheumatic  drugs (DMARDs). Encouraging results have been obtained using DMARDs. However, when severe deformities occur or when patients are unresponsive to medical management and injections therapy, surgical intervention should be performed to relieve  pain and restore function. Several surgical options have been described for the management of MCP joint deformities, including soft tissue procedures, arthrodesis, and prosthetic replacement. Tendons ruptures are generally managed with tendon transfer surgery, while different surgical procedures are available to treat fingers deformities. The aim of the present review is to report the current knowledge in the management of MCP joint deformities, as well as tendons damage and fingers deformities, in patients with RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/648073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T21:04:01Z","timestamp":1436389441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Current Concepts in the Management of Rheumatoid Hand"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Umile Giuseppe","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Denaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","first-page":"S295","article-title":"Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Gibofsky A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-006-0136-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"224","article-title":"Tenosynovitis and tendon ruptures in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Simmen B. R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"S303","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Gibofsky A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008951.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730100-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2013.776104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-005-0133-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Treatment of the rheumatoid hand: metacarpo-phalangeal joints","volume":"31","author":"Albright J. A.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Connecticut Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Surgery of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints in chronic rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Roullet J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Revue du Rhumatisme et des Maladies Osteo-Articulaires"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Treatment of the ulnar deviation of the metacarpo-phalangeal articulations in rheumatoid arthritis by pulling back the radial collateral ligament","volume":"54","author":"Curtis R. M.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Revue de Chirurgie Orthop\u00e9dique et R\u00e9paratrice de l\u2032Appareil Moteur"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Arthroplasty of metacarpo-phalangeal finger joints in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Grishin I. G.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ortopediia Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810412500074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","first-page":"498","article-title":"Rheumatoid hands","volume":"9","author":"Takhar G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30988-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409339942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","first-page":"414","article-title":"Synovectomy of flexors and flexor ruptures","volume":"58","author":"Gay R.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l\u2032Appareil Moteur"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(73)80005-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-011-2014-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2010.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2013.854054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(83)90007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(79)80031-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Rheumatoid deformities of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand","volume":"28","author":"Harrison S. H.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0072-968X(71)90029-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00807-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80144-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30986-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30987-1"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijr\/2015\/648073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijr\/2015\/648073.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2015\/648073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T13:08:06Z","timestamp":1745759286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2015\/648073"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wasim S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2015\/648073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/648073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9260","1687-9279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9260","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"648073"}}