{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T20:30:09Z","timestamp":1769545809643,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aminoglycosides are widely used to treat infections; however, their applications are limited by nephrotoxicity. With the increase of antibiotic resistance, the use of aminoglycosides is inevitable. Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) has shown renal protective effects in dialysis patients. However, no study has evaluated LMWC for preventing aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity or determined the mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects. In this study, LMWC (165 or 825\u2009mg\/kg\/day) or metformin (100\u2009mg\/kg\/day) was orally administered for 13 days to rats with nephropathy induced by gentamicin (GM), a kind of aminoglycoside (150\u2009mg\/kg\/day i.p. for 6 days). Both LMCW doses improved renal function. Serum creatinine levels improved in rats treated with 165 and 825\u2009mg\/kg\/day LMWC (from 2.14 \u00b1 0.74\u2009mg\/dL to 1.26 \u00b1 0.46\u2009mg\/dL and 0.69 \u00b1 0.12\u2009mg\/dL, resp.,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen levels were also improved in these rats (from 73.73 \u00b1 21.13\u2009mg\/dL to 58.70 \u00b1 22.71\u2009mg\/dL and 28.82 \u00b1 3.84\u2009mg\/dL, resp.,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Additionally, renal tissue morphology improved after LMWC treatment, and accumulation of renal methylglyoxal, a damage factor associated with carbonyl stress, was reversed. These results show that LMWC prevents GM-induced renal toxicity via a carbonyl stress-dependent pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/675714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,12]],"date-time":"2015-04-12T21:01:07Z","timestamp":1428872467000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chitosan Prevents Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via a Carbonyl Stress-Dependent Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Chu-Kung","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, 539 Jhongsiao Road, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chieh","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Min","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Ai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City 11031, 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