{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:59:12Z","timestamp":1784617152859,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Philips Medical Systems MR, Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>To prospectively assess the safety and technical feasibility of volumetric magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) ablation with direct skin cooling (DISC) during treatment of uterine fibroids.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>In this proof-of-concept study, eight patients were consecutively selected for clinical MR-HIFU ablation of uterine fibroids with the use of an additional DISC device to maintain a constant temperature (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2248<\/mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u00b0<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mtext>C<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>) at the interface between the HIFU table top and the skin. Technical feasibility was verified by successful completion of MR-HIFU ablation. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI was used to measure the treatment effect (nonperfused volume (NPV) ratio). Safety was evaluated by recording of adverse events (AEs) within 30 days\u2019 follow-up.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>All MR-HIFU treatments were successfully completed in an outpatient setting. The median NPV ratio was 0.56 (IQR [0.27\u20130.72]). Immediately after treatment, two patients experienced coldness related discomfort which resolved at the same day. No serious (device-related) AEs were reported. Specifically, no skin burns, cold injuries, or subcutaneous edema were observed.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>This study showed that it is safe and technically feasible to complete a volumetric MR-HIFU ablation with DISC. This technique may reduce the risk of thermal injury to the abdominal wall during MR-HIFU ablation of uterine fibroids. This trial is registered with<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.trialregister.nl\/trialreg\/admin\/rctview.asp?TC=4189\">NTR4189<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/684250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,30]],"date-time":"2015-08-30T17:30:16Z","timestamp":1440955816000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Volumetric MR-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound with Direct Skin Cooling for the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids: Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Marlijne E.","family":"Ikink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna M. 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