{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:59:59Z","timestamp":1765742399440},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Calabar Teaching Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Summary<\/jats:italic>. With increasing use of motorcycle as means of transport in developing countries, traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle crashes have been increasing. The only single gadget that protects riders from traumatic brain injury is crash helmet. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The objectives were to determine the treatment outcome among traumatic brain injury patients from motorcycle crashes and the rate of helmet use among them. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. It was a prospective, cross-sectional study of motorcycle-related traumatic brain injury patients managed in our center from 2010 to 2014. Patients were managed using our unit protocol for traumatic brain injuries. Data for the study were collected in accident and emergency, intensive care unit, wards, and outpatient clinic. The data were analyzed using Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Ninety-six patients were studied. There were 87 males. Drivers were 65. Only one patient wore helmet. Majority of them were between 20 and 40 years. Fifty-three patients had mild head injuries. Favorable outcome among them was 84.35% while mortality was 12.5%. Severity of the injury affected the outcome significantly. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Our study showed that the helmet use by motorcycle riders was close to zero despite the existing laws making its use compulsory in Nigeria. The outcome was related to severity of injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/696787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T21:08:45Z","timestamp":1427144925000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Motorcycle-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries: Helmet Use and Treatment Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Mathias Ogbonna Nnanna","family":"Nnadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olufemi Babatola","family":"Bankole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beleudanyo Gbalipre","family":"Fente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012724"},{"key":"2","year":"2005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/156609704\/233\/289643"},{"key":"4","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"42","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"West African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"6","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7905","key":"8","first-page":"480","volume":"i","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.947"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-2-172"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0b013e31815644cd"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200111000-00021"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200209000-00012"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.84012"},{"key":"15","first-page":"43","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"East and Central African Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"16","first-page":"36","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orient Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2005.011221"},{"key":"18","first-page":"92","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Social Science"},{"key":"19","first-page":"1179","volume-title":"Are okada operators licensed to ride in Nigeria? 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