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In addition, the BBB plays a critical role protecting the CNS against neurotoxins. There has been growing evidence that BBB disruption is associated with brain inflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis. Considering the increasing role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), here we propose a novel model wherein transient or persistent disruption of BBB integrity is associated with decreased CNS protection and increased permeability of proinflammatory (e.g., cytokines, reactive oxygen species) substances from the peripheral blood into the brain. These events would trigger the activation of microglial cells and promote localized damage to oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath, ultimately compromising myelination and the integrity of neural circuits. The potential implications for research in this area and directions for future studies are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/708306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T17:08:54Z","timestamp":1431536934000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Disruption in the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Missing Link between Brain and Body Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Jay P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benicio N.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Program and Women\u2019s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, 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