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Long-term biological effects of implanted materials include wear debris, host inflammatory immune reactions, and osteolysis resulting in implant failure. We review here the most common materials used in cervical TDR prosthetic devices, examine their bearing surfaces, describe the construction of the seven current cervical TDR devices that are approved for use in the United States, and discuss known adverse biological effects associated with long-term implantation of these materials. It is important to appreciate and understand the variety of biomaterials available in the design and construction of these prosthetics and the considerations which guide their implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/719123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T00:51:46Z","timestamp":1444265506000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Material Science in Cervical Total Disc Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek A.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tuchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200308000-00002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00003"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","first-page":"27","volume":"9","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"},{"key":"4","first-page":"S27","volume":"30","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200310000-00002"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3751-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semss.2011.11.011"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","first-page":"E3","volume":"17","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgical Focus"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.22611"},{"key":"10","year":"2009"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1872-4"},{"key":"12","year":"1979"},{"key":"13","year":"2000"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.17.2.2"},{"key":"15","first-page":"1","volume":"33","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama"},{"issue":"3","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840030-00009","volume":"40","year":"1958","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery\u2014American Volume"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0883-5403(06)80095-1"},{"issue":"311","key":"18","first-page":"85","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90008-9"},{"key":"21","volume":"15, article 204","year":"1990","journal-title":"Transactions of the Orthopaedic Research Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870030-00005","volume":"70","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery\u2014American Volume"},{"issue":"9","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971090-00009","volume":"71","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery A"},{"key":"24","first-page":"1","volume":"145","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 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