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The aim of our report was to clarify the role of CD30\/CD30L signalling system in the pathogenesis of RA. Our analysis of the CD30L<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients and of the related cytokine profiles suggests the involvement of CD30\/CD30L signalling in polarization of T cells towards a Th17 phenotype with proinflammatory features. Moreover, in RA SF nearly 50% of Treg cells express CD30, probably as an attempt to downmodulate the ongoing inflammation. We also show here that the engagement of CD30L on neutrophils stimulated with CD30\/Fc chimera may play a crucial role in RA inflammation since activated neutrophils release IL-8, thus potentially amplifying the local inflammatory damage. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that the complex CD30\/CD30L signalling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of RA synovitis through a concerted action on several immune effector cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/729654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T21:04:39Z","timestamp":1432069479000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Characterization of CD30\/CD30L<sup>+<\/sup>Cells in Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-5557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Dolcino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute G. 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