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Some<jats:italic>Euphrasia<\/jats:italic>species have been previously reported to contain essential oil. However, the composition and bioactivity of<jats:italic>E. rostkoviana<\/jats:italic>oil are unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the eyebright essential oil against some organisms associated with eye infections:<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>. GC-MS analysis revealed more than 70 constituents, with n-hexadecanoic acid (18.47%) as the main constituent followed by thymol (7.97%), myristic acid (4.71%), linalool (4.65%), and anethole (4.09%). The essential oil showed antimicrobial effect against all organisms tested with the exception of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The best activity was observed against all Gram-positive bacteria tested with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 512\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/mL. This is the first report on the chemical composition of<jats:italic>E. rostkoviana<\/jats:italic>essential oil and its antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/734101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T17:04:17Z","timestamp":1430154257000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of<i>Euphrasia rostkoviana<\/i>Hayne Essential Oil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Pavel","family":"Novy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Davidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and 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