{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:15:21Z","timestamp":1789143321950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra (CCAU) is extremely rare and a number of clinicians may be unfamiliar with its diagnosis and biological behaviour.<jats:italic>Aims.<\/jats:italic>To review the literature on CCAU.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>Various internet databases were used.<jats:italic>Results\/Literature Review.<\/jats:italic>(i) CCAU occurs in adults and in women in the great majority of cases. (ii) It has a particular association with urethral diverticulum, which has been present in 56% of the patients; is indistinguishable from clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract but is not associated with endometriosis; and probably does not arise by malignant transformation of nephrogenic adenoma. (iii) It is usually, readily distinguished from nephrogenic adenoma because of greater cytological a-typicality and mitotic activity and does not stain for prostate-specific antigen or prostatic acid phosphatase. (iv) It has been treated by anterior exenteration in women and cystoprostatectomy in men and at times by radiotherapy; chemotherapy has rarely been given. (v) CCAU is aggressive with low 5-year survival rates. (vi) There is no consensus opinion of treatment options that would improve the prognosis.<jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>Few cases of CCAU have been reported. Urologists, gynaecologists, pathologists, and oncologists should report cases of CCAU they encounter and enter them into a multicentric trial to determine the best treatment options that would improve the prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/790235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T21:01:25Z","timestamp":1421787685000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra: Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Anthony Kodzo-Grey","family":"Venyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Manchester General Hospital, Department of Urology, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(96)90064-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"2","first-page":"321","volume":"1","year":"2009","journal-title":"North American Journal of Medical Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"3","first-page":"513","volume":"9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4021\/wjnu67w"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/387591"},{"issue":"9","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-1417-CCAOUB","volume":"132","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.95528"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.2003.00629.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0210-4806(07)73657-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)67352-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60120-4","volume":"110","year":"1973","journal-title":"The Journal of Urology"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.00126.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1789-9"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pgp.0b013e318253c71b"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(84)90053-0"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01606542"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.9963"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(99)80066-1"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)62934-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/koreanjpathol.2012.46.2.210"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198511000-00005"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(98)90015-6"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.10.011"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/cgc.2008.n.022"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2015\/790235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2015\/790235.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2015\/790235.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T03:38:51Z","timestamp":1651030731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2015\/790235\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["790235","790235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/790235","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1402","2090-1410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1402","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}