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Due to the prevalence of<jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>induced diarrhea, rapid and correct diagnosis is crucial in the disease management. In this study, we have employed a stringent<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>selection method to identify single-stranded DNA molecular recognition elements (MRE) specific for toxin B. At the end of the 12-round selection, one MRE with high affinity<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>47.3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009nM) for toxin B was identified. The selected MRE demonstrated low cross binding activities on negative targets: bovine serum albumin,<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>alpha toxin,<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>exotoxin A, and cholera toxin of<jats:italic>Vibrio cholera<\/jats:italic>. A modified sandwich ELISA assay was developed utilizing the selected ssDNA MRE as the antigen capturing element and achieved a sensitive detection of 50\u2009nM of toxin B in human fecal preparations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/808495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1423170146000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>Selection of a Single-Stranded DNA Molecular Recognition Element against<i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>Toxin B and Sensitive Detection in Human Fecal Matter"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-7128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ka Lok","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 20506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eamonn","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 20506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 20506, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letha J.","family":"Sooter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. 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