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Development of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculi is linked to initial subepithelial calcification of renal papilla. Progressive tissue calcification depends on preexisting injury and involves reactive oxygen species. Many plant extracts that protect against oxidative stress manifest antilithiasic activity. Our study focused on determining the effects of polyphenols on a lithiasis rat model. Rats were pretreated with polyphenols and grape seed extracts, followed by posterior induction of hyperoxalosis via treatment with ethylene glycol plus NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl. The concentrations of calcium and other elements in kidney were determined, along with histological examination of kidney and 24\u2009h urine analysis. Significant differences were observed in the renal calcium content between the control plus ethylene glycol-treated group and the epicatechin plus ethylene glycol-treated, red grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated, and white grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated groups, with reductions of about 50%. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols extracted from red and white grape seeds may be critical in the prevention of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculus formation, particularly if calculi are induced by lesions caused by cytotoxic compounds with oxidative capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/813737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T23:29:10Z","timestamp":1427326150000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds on Renal Lithiasis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Grases","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"CIBEROBN (CB06\/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C\/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, 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