{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:42:20Z","timestamp":1792057340536,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the paper was to determine a correlation between the weight of a child\u2019s backpack, their body weight, and certain features of their body posture.<jats:italic>Material and Methods<\/jats:italic>. The study group consisted of 109 children, all aged seven years. The parameters of body posture were determined using the Zebris Ultrasonic System.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The number of children carrying a school backpack in accordance with recommendations was 44 subjects (40.37%). Statistically significant changes were found in the total length of the spine (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>Z<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.223<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.026<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and between backpack weight and changes in the following parameters: the total length of the spine (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3999<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.017<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), the length and the angle of the lumbar lordosis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3352<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.049<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), the angle of the lumbar lordosis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5065<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.002<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and the sacral angle (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.4279<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.010<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Wearing a backpack heavier than 10% of one\u2019s body weight can cause shallowing of the lumbar lordosis and a tendency towards a vertical position of the sacrum. Monitoring the weight of children\u2019s school backpacks and enabling them to leave books and notebooks at school would probably be beneficial in reducing the daily burden put on children\u2019s spines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/817913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1440711269000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Influence of the Weight of a School Backpack on Spinal Curvature in the Sagittal Plane of Seven-Year-Old Children"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Walicka-Cupry\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, Warszawska 26A Street, 35-205 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Skalska-Izdebska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, 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