{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1791724982908,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(Bp-13) was purified from<jats:italic>Bothrops pauloensis<\/jats:italic>snake venom after a single chromatographic step of RP-HPLC on<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>-Bondapak C-18. Amino acid analysis showed a high content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids and 14 half-cysteine residues. The N-terminal sequence showed a high degree of homology with basic Asp49 PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>myotoxins from other<jats:italic>Bothrops<\/jats:italic>venoms. Bp-13 showed allosteric enzymatic behavior and maximal activity at pH 8.1, 36\u00b0\u201345\u00b0C. Full Bp-13 PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>activity required Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>; its PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>activity was inhibited by Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>in the presence and absence of 1\u2009mM Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. In the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparation, the time for 50% paralysis was concentration-dependent (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Both the replacement of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>by Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and temperature lowering (24\u00b0C) inhibited the Bp-13 PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced twitch-tension blockade. Bp-13 PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>inhibited the contractile response to direct electrical stimulation in curarized mouse PND preparation corroborating its contracture effect. In biventer cervicis preparations, Bp-13 induced irreversible twitch-tension blockade and the KCl evoked contracture was partially, but significantly, inhibited (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The main effect of this new Asp49 PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>of<jats:italic>Bothrops pauloensis<\/jats:italic>venom is on muscle fiber sarcolemma, with avian preparation being less responsive than rodent preparation. The study enhances biochemical and pharmacological characterization of<jats:italic>B. pauloensis<\/jats:italic>venom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/826059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1424379783000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bp-13 PLA<sub>2<\/sub>: Purification and Neuromuscular Activity of a New Asp49 Toxin Isolated from<i>Bothrops pauloensis<\/i>Snake Venom"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Georgina","family":"Sucasaca-Monz\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-881 Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila","family":"Randazzo-Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas 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