{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:23:45Z","timestamp":1762323825794,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ketamine and lithium both inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3. In addition, lithium and ketamine have synergistic antidepressant-like effects at individually subeffective doses in rodents. We hypothesized that ketamine\u2019s antidepressant effects would be improved by therapeutic doses of lithium versus valproate and that serum lithium levels would positively correlate with ketamine\u2019s antidepressant efficacy. Thirty-six patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression maintained on therapeutic-dose lithium (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>23<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 0.79 \u00b1 0.15\u2009mEq\/L) or valproate (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>13<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, 79.6 \u00b1 12.4\u2009mg\/mL) received 0.5\u2009mg\/kg ketamine infusion in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The primary depression outcome measure\u2014the Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)\u2014was assessed before infusion and at numerous postinfusion time points. Both lithium (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1,118<\/jats:sub>= 152.08,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.27<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and valproate (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1,128<\/jats:sub>= 20.12,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.79<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) significantly improved depressive symptoms, but no statistically significant difference was observed between mood stabilizer groups (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1,28<\/jats:sub>= 2.51,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.12<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.60<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Serum lithium and valproate levels did not correlate with ketamine\u2019s antidepressant efficacy. Although the study was potentially underpowered, our results suggest that lithium may not potentiate ketamine\u2019s antidepressant efficacy in treatment-resistant bipolar depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/858251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,7]],"date-time":"2015-06-07T17:02:56Z","timestamp":1433696576000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lithium and Valproate Levels Do Not Correlate with Ketamine\u2019s Antidepressant Efficacy in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Annie J.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Niciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy B.","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Luckenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn F.","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Depression Clinical & Research Program, 1 Bowdoin Square, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica M.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Vande Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Psychological Services, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Brutsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Machado-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, 10 Center Drive, Building 10\/CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10673221003747955"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701392841"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0015"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.010"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2271"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.038"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2870"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-6147(03)00206-2"},{"issue":"16","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.16.8455","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-9822(02)70790-2"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4169"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.47"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109104845"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.128"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260902962206"},{"key":"17","first-page":"10","volume":"62","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.13m08698"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.017"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377042"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1380262"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07474.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/jmn:24:2:237"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m301356200"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v65n0601"},{"key":"26","first-page":"287","volume":"26","year":"1981","journal-title":"Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0721327.x"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005512"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5467-07.2008"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301671"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.9.1017"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.830775"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12494"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190287"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10130"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.12.085"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.01.028"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.03.004"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v62n0108"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.10060tx4cc"}],"container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/np\/2015\/858251.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/np\/2015\/858251.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/np\/2015\/858251.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T09:14:00Z","timestamp":1498209240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/np\/2015\/858251\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["858251","858251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/858251","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-5904","1687-5443"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-5904"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-5443"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}