{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:53:27Z","timestamp":1787169207941,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with HIV\/AIDS can present with multiple types of fungal rhinosinusitis, fungal balls, granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, acute or chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, or allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Given the variable spectrum of immune status and susceptibility to severe infection from opportunistic pathogens it is extremely important that clinicians distinguish aggressive fungal invasive fungal disease from the much milder forms such as AFRS. Here we describe a patient with HIV and AFRS to both remind providers of the importance of ruling out invasive fungal disease and outline the other unique features of fungal sinusitis treatment in the HIV-positive population. Additionally we discuss the evidence for and against use of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for fungal disease in general, as well as the evidence for AIT in the HIV population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/875260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T17:05:03Z","timestamp":1429031103000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Allergen Immunotherapy in an HIV+ Patient with Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Myles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 33, Room 2W10A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyen","family":"Gada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\/Immunology\/Immunization Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12118"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.66"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(00)80009-2"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-005-0032-x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.2.236"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(03)00031-8"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199511000-00012"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0194-5998(94)70525-9"},{"issue":"8","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131109000815","volume":"90","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ear, Nose and Throat Journal"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200003163421102"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1388"},{"issue":"3","key":"12","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.44.5.430","volume":"44","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21352"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1075-8"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0194-5998(97)70203-1"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.119585"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129806"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.10.1174"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aci.0b013e328357a233"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2013.4.0045"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199811000-00007"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.473"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199708000-00010"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1081-1206(10)60767-3"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.06.017"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.027"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.01.029"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crii\/2015\/875260.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crii\/2015\/875260.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crii\/2015\/875260.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T08:53:10Z","timestamp":1566550390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crii\/2015\/875260\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["875260","875260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/875260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6609","2090-6617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6609","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}