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Since mathematical optimization provides a general framework for all of them, an integrated approach is used to perform the analysis of these problems and consider them as different optimization problems whose data, variables, constraints, and objective functions are the main elements that characterize the problems proposed by different authors. For example, counted, scanned or \u201ca priori\u201d data are the most common data sources; conservation laws, flow nonnegativity, link capacity, flow definition, observation, flow propagation, and specific model requirements form the most common constraints; and least squares, likelihood, possible relative error, mean absolute relative error, and so forth constitute the bases for the objective functions or metrics. The high number of possible combinations of these elements justifies the existence of a wide collection of methods for analyzing static and dynamic situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/903563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T21:01:36Z","timestamp":1446152496000},"page":"1-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["A State-of-the-Art Review of the Sensor Location, Flow Observability, Estimation, and Prediction Problems in Traffic Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Zacar\u00edas","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Calvi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}]},{"given":"W. 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