{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T14:12:45Z","timestamp":1769263965437,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study involved developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for discriminating the grades of breast cancer tumors in ultrasound (US) images. Histological tumor grades of breast cancer lesions are standard prognostic indicators. Tumor grade information enables physicians to determine appropriate treatments for their patients. US imaging is a noninvasive approach to breast cancer examination. In this study, 148 3-dimensional US images of malignant breast tumors were obtained. Textural, morphological, ellipsoid fitting, and posterior acoustic features were quantified to characterize the tumor masses. A support vector machine was developed to classify breast tumor grades as either low or high. The proposed CAD system achieved an accuracy of 85.14% (126\/148), a sensitivity of 79.31% (23\/29), a specificity of 86.55% (103\/119), and an<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>of 0.7940.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/914091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T21:07:53Z","timestamp":1424898473000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Computer-Aided Assessment of Tumor Grade for Breast Cancer in Ultrasound Images"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0897-4374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dar-Ren","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua 50006, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-6532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng-Liang","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-5643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan-Fu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.56.2.106"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2607"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2986144"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-335"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.12.002"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.05.012"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00229.x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0333"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860801971413"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.21990"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-13-47"},{"key":"12","year":"2003"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.11.006"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.12.8781"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01385685"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1007979827043"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(88)90002-2"},{"key":"19","year":"1999"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.4309314"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21347"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5205"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.01.006"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.06.029"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1649531"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2007.04.016"},{"key":"29","year":"1995"},{"key":"30","year":"2009"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-241-4_13"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.09.024"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747"},{"issue":"4","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.4.561","volume":"39","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2004.5.1.11"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/914091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/914091.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/914091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T09:00:03Z","timestamp":1598778003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/914091\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["914091","914091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/914091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}