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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of depressive\u2010like behaviors, the hormonal and neurotransmitter systems in rats. We investigated whether centrally administered IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> is associated with activation of CNS inflammatory pathways and behavioral changes and whether treatment with IL\u20104 could modulate IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced depressive\u2010like behaviors and central neurotransmitter systems. Infusion of IL\u20104 significantly decreased IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced anhedonic responses and increased social exploration and total activity. Treatment with IL\u20104 markedly blocked IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced increase in PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and CORT levels. Also, IL\u20104 reduced IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced 5\u2010HT levels by inhibiting tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) mRNA and activating serotonin transporter (SERT) in the hippocampus, and levels of NE were increased by activating tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that IL\u20104 may locally contribute to the regulation of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission and may inhibit IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced behavioral and immunological changes. The present results suggest that IL\u20104 modulates IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced depressive behavior by inhibiting IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced central glial activation and neurotransmitter alterations. IL\u20104 reduced central and systemic mediatory inflammatory activation, as well as reversing the IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced alterations in neurotransmitter levels. The present findings contribute a biochemical pathway regulated by IL\u20104 that may have therapeutic utility for treatment of IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced depressive behavior and neuroinflammation which warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/941413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,31]],"date-time":"2015-08-31T22:02:01Z","timestamp":1441058521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["IL\u20104 Inhibits IL\u20101<i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010Induced Depressive\u2010Like Behavior and Central Neurotransmitter 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