{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:03Z","timestamp":1787017803251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose.<\/jats:italic>\n Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic disease mainly affecting boys in prepubertal age and usually recovering after puberty. To evaluate a possible role of sex hormones in VKC, serum levels of sex hormones in children and adolescents with VKC were assessed.\n Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n 12 prepubertal and 7 early pubertal boys with active VKC and 6 male patients with VKC in remission phase at late pubertal age and 48 healthy age and sex-matched subjects were included. Serum concentration of estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, total testosterone and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), cortisol, delta-4-androstenedione, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex-hormones binding globuline (SHBG) were evaluated.\n Results.<\/jats:italic>\n Serum levels of Estrone were significantly increased in all groups of patients with VKC when compared to healthy controls (\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n 0.001<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n ). Prepubertal and early pubertal VKC showed a significant decrease in DHT (\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.007<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n and\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.028<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n , resp.) and SHBG (\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.01<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n and\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.002<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n , resp.) when compared to controls and serum levels of SHBG were increased in late pubertal VKC in remission phase (\n \n P<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.007<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n ).\n Conclusions and Relevance.<\/jats:italic>\n VKC patients have different circulating sex hormone levels in different phases of the disease and when compared to nonallergic subjects. These findings suggest a role played by sex hormones in the pathogenesis and\/or activity of VKC.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/945317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1422460998000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Sex Hormones in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Altered Levels of Circulating Androgens and Estrogens in Children and Adolescents with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Sacchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanzo","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Mantelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS GB Bietti Eye Foundation, Via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, 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