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Here, we report that a traditional Chinese medicine Xiao\u2010Ai\u2010Tong (XAT) can effectively suppress pain and adverse reactions following morphine treatment in patients with bone cancer pain. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ\u2010C30) were used for patient\u2019s self\u2010evaluation of pain intensity and evaluating changes of adverse reactions including constipation, nausea, fatigue, and anorexia, respectively, before and after treatment prescriptions. The clinical trials showed that repetitive oral administration of XAT (200\u2009mL, bid, for 7 consecutive days) alone greatly reduced cancer pain. Repetitive treatment with a combination of XAT and morphine (20\u2009mg and 30\u2009mg, resp.) produced significant synergistic analgesic effects. Meanwhile, XAT greatly reduced the adverse reactions associated with cancer and\/or morphine treatment. In addition, XAT treatment significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and tumor necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and increased the endogenous anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin\u201010 in blood. These findings demonstrate that XAT can effectively reduce bone cancer pain probably mediated by the cytokine mechanisms, facilitate analgesic effect of morphine, and prevent or reduce the associated adverse reactions, supporting a use of XAT, alone or with morphine, in treating bone cancer pain in clinic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/961635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T21:02:29Z","timestamp":1446670949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiao\u2010Ai\u2010Tong Suppresses Pain through Modulation of Cytokines and Prevents Adverse Reactions of Morphine Treatment in Bone Cancer Pain Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kefu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5732-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7796-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5561-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4475-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue-Jun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdi922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Epidemiology","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(01)00324-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","first-page":"274","article-title":"The traditional Chinese medicine combined three steps analgesic method in treatment of cancer pain","volume":"20","author":"Wang B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00089-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90097-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ppa.s78334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"The involvement of prostaglandins in tumorigenesis, tumor-induced osteolysis and bone cancer pain","volume":"2","author":"Sabino M. 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