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On the other hand, it reduces the oxidative stress by glutathione synthesis stimulation, stops the process of cancer cachexia, and nourishes the immunological system and the intestine epithelium, as well. The current paper deals with possible positive effects of GLN supplementation and conditions that should be fulfilled to obtain these effects. The analysis of GLN metabolism suggests that the separation of GLN and carbohydrates in the diet can minimize simultaneous supply of ATP (from glucose) and NADPH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(from glutamine) to cancer cells. It should support to a larger extent the organism to fight against the cancer rather than the cancer cells. GLN cannot be considered the effective source of ATP for cancers with the impaired oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition. GLN intake restores decreased levels of glutathione in the case of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; thus, it facilitates regeneration processes of the intestine epithelium and immunological system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/964321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,25]],"date-time":"2015-10-25T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1445806985000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Key Roles of Glutamine Pathways in Reprogramming the Cancer Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof Piotr","family":"Michalak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University of Pozna\u0144, Umultowska Street 85, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Nanobiomedical Center of Pozna\u0144, Umultowska Street 85, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ma\u0107kowska-K\u0119dziora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chair of Cardiology, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, D\u0142uga Street 1\/2, 61-848 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Sobolewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Outpatient Clinic, Rzgowska Street 281\/289, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Outpatient Clinic, Rzgowska Street 281\/289, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci69600"},{"issue":"10","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.03.003","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.6.693","volume":"36","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"4","year":"2001"},{"key":"5","first-page":"S287","volume":"27","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney International. 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