{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1779341861308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Behcet\u2019s Disease (BD) is a multisystem chronic inflammatory disease. The pathology is believed to involve both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Hypomethylation leading to activation of interspersed repetitive sequences (IRSs) such as LINE-1 and Alu contributes to the pathologies of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein, the epigenetic changes of IRSs in BD were evaluated using combined bisulfite restriction analysis-interspersed repetitive sequences (COBRA-IRS). DNA from neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of BD patients with ocular involvement that were in active or inactive states and healthy controls were used to analyze LINE-1 and Alu methylation levels. For Alu sequences, significant differences were observed in the frequency of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>alleles between PBMCs of patients and controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and between inactive patients and controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). For neutrophils, the frequency of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>was significantly higher between patients and controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.006<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and between inactive patients and controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.002<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The partial methylation (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">u<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) frequencies of Alu between inactive patients and control samples also differed (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). No statistically significant differences for LINE-1 were detected. Thus, changes in the methylation level of IRS elements might contribute to the pathogenesis of BD. The role of Alu transcripts in BD should be investigated further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1393089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T23:43:51Z","timestamp":1459381431000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Methylation Status of Alu and LINE-1 Interspersed Repetitive Sequences in Behcet\u2019s Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"\u015eahru","family":"Y\u00fcksel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma Ozbek","family":"Kucukazman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Altindag, 06340 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclten Sungur","family":"Karata\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Altindag, 06340 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Akif","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Yenimahalle, 06560 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasiprapa","family":"Prombhul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nattiya","family":"Hirankarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, 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