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Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) plays a central role in the synthesis of all known types of collagens, which are the most abundant constituent of the extracellular matrix in atherosclerotic plaque. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is thought to be in part caused by shear stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate a relationship between P4H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 and shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque. Carotid arteries of ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice were exposed to low and oscillatory shear stress conditions by the placement of a shear stress cast for 2 weeks; we divided 60 male ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice into three groups for treatments with saline (mock) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), empty lentivirus (lenti-EGFP) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and lentivirus-P4H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 (lenti-P4H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Our results reveal that after 2 weeks of lenti-P4H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 treatment both low and oscillatory shear stress-induced plaques increased collagen and the thickness of fibrous cap and decreased macrophage accumulation but no change in lipid accumulation. We also observed that overexpression of P4Ha1 increased plaque size. Our study suggests that P4H<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 overexpression might be a potential therapeutic target in stabilizing vulnerable plaques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1701637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T21:05:02Z","timestamp":1476306302000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Overexpression of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase-<i>\u03b1<\/i>1 Stabilizes but Increases Shear Stress-Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6866-7798","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao-qing","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-xue","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling 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