{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T08:41:11Z","timestamp":1784968871133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463616000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Bacteriology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:italic>. The World Health Organization estimates that about 80% of the world\u2019s population uses herbal medicine to treat various illnesses as means of primary healthcare. However, during preparation, herbal plants may be exposed to contamination by potential pathogens, and this may lead to infections. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial contamination of herbal medicinal products and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. Methods<\/jats:italic>. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to May 25, 2013, at Gondar Town. A total of 55 samples used as oral, local, and intranasal routes of administration were collected from the herbalists. Results<\/jats:italic>. In the present study the total aerobic bacterial count ranges from zero to 2.41<\/mml:mn>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow>9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>\u2009CFU\/g with mean count of 1.99<\/mml:mn>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow>8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>\u2009CFU\/g or mL while the total coliform count showed an average of 1.05<\/mml:mn>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow>8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>\u2009CFU\/g or mL with a range of zero to 2.1<\/mml:mn>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow>9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>\u2009CFU\/g. The most common bacteria isolated were Bacillus<\/jats:italic> spp. followed by Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp., Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>, and Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. Multiple drug resistance was not uncommon and it was found that 125 (83.4%) of the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Herbal medicinal preparations were highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms with high microbial load. Most of the isolates have multiple drug resistance. Using those contaminated herbal medicines may lead to infection of other health related risks. Therefore, this warrants urgent training of herbalists and management scale-up for quality and safety of medicinal plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1959418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,20]],"date-time":"2016-05-20T08:00:53Z","timestamp":1463731253000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Occurrence of Potential Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Isolated from Herbal Medicinal Products Sold in Different Markets of Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Abdela","family":"Yesuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Debark Hospital, P.O. Box 196, Debark, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitayih","family":"Wondimeneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teklay","family":"Gebrecherkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feleke","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/ijpp\/17.02.0005"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-117"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874848100801010027"},{"key":"4","year":"2002"},{"key":"5","year":"2007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/10004-1254-60-2009-2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","first-page":"70","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"8","first-page":"1203","volume":"44","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"24","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2007.000-2442","volume":"6","year":"2007","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"10","first-page":"8","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"Continental Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"11","first-page":"127","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90180-k"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"64","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Traditional and Natural Medicines"},{"key":"14","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Wikis and participatory fandom","year":"2013"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/abs1201049s"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","first-page":"42","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Remedies"},{"issue":"3","key":"17","first-page":"272","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants"},{"issue":"11","key":"18","first-page":"70","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health"},{"key":"19","year":"1957"},{"issue":"4","key":"20","first-page":"1148","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy"},{"key":"21","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"22","first-page":"1","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"CLSI"},{"key":"23","first-page":"9","volume":"5","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"24","first-page":"296","volume":"23","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"25","first-page":"27","volume":"5","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health"},{"key":"26","first-page":"9","volume":"5","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jm.2008.683.691"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/1959418.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/1959418.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/1959418.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T01:33:52Z","timestamp":1607477632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijb\/2016\/1959418\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["1959418","1959418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1959418","relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-6957","2314-596X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2356-6957","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-596X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]}}}