{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:15:23Z","timestamp":1740165323756,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Umm Alqura University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon refers to reversible spasms of the peripheral arterioles that can be primary Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (PRP) or secondary Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (SRP) to underlying connective tissue disease, both of which are characterized by a triphasic color response triggered by cold exposure or stress. PRP is typically a benign disease, whereas SRP may progress into digital ulcers and\/or gangrene. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old female diagnosed with PRP 7 years ago. Treatment with first-line agents, including calcium channel blocker, aspirin, and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, did not control her symptoms, which progressed to digital ulceration and gangrene. There were no symptoms of underlying autoimmune disease or malignancy, and autoimmune, serology, and immunology test results were normal; a biopsy of her left little finger was negative for vasculitis. Development to critical digital ischemia necessitated treatment with intravenous iloprost and heparin infusion followed by angioplasty, which led to a partial improvement. Due to persistent symptoms, rituximab therapy was initiated and two cycles induced a complete resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2053804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T21:00:56Z","timestamp":1472504456000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe Primary Raynaud\u2019s Disease Treated with Rituximab"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0050-2698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shabrawishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-6383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdurahman","family":"Albeity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Almoallim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006389"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"186","volume":"11","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Angiology"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21912"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.96"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780311114"},{"issue":"2","key":"6","first-page":"354","volume":"102","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1206"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(98)70116-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"45","volume":"1","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"167","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vascular Health and Risk Management"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sft152"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra022296"},{"issue":"4","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V641178","volume":"6","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem003"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem208"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crirh\/2016\/2053804.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crirh\/2016\/2053804.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crirh\/2016\/2053804.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1657180966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crirh\/2016\/2053804\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["2053804","2053804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2053804","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6889","2090-6897"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-6889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-6897"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}