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Mechanisms of a female advantage remain unknown but could involve sex-specific patterns of compensation to injury. Neuroprotective hypothermia is also used to ameliorate HI damage and attenuate behavioral deficits. Though currently prescribed only for HI in term infants, cooling has potential intrainsult applications to high-risk late-preterm infants as well. To address this important clinical issue, we conducted a study using male and female rats with a postnatal (P) day 7 HI injury induced under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. The current study reports patterns of neuropathology evident in<jats:italic>postmortem<\/jats:italic>tissue. Results showed a potent benefit of intrainsult hypothermia that was comparable for both sexes. Findings also show surprisingly different patterns of compensation in the contralateral hemisphere, with<jats:italic>increases<\/jats:italic>in hippocampal thickness in HI females contrasting<jats:italic>reduced<\/jats:italic>thickness in HI males. Findings provide a framework for future research to compare and contrast mechanisms of neuroprotection and postinjury plasticity in both sexes following a late-preterm HI insult.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2585230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T21:02:44Z","timestamp":1457038964000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Sex and Mild Intrainsult Hypothermia on Neuropathology and Neural Reorganization following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted S.","family":"Rosenkrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Neonatology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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