{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T04:17:51Z","timestamp":1768709871819,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":319,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81403257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81403257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the effect of <jats:italic>Actaea racemosa<\/jats:italic> (AR) extract on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via the ER\/NO\/cGMP signaling pathway. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Materials<\/jats:italic>. Rat BMSCs were treated with osteogenic differentiation\u2010inducing medium containing AR; estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182,780 (10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\u2009mol\/L); and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L\u2010nitro arginine methyl ester (L\u2010NAME, 6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u2009mol\/L). Markers of osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity, osteocalcin secretion, and calcium ion deposit levels) and the levels of key signaling molecules (nitric oxide synthase [NOS], nitric oxide [NO], and cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]) were assessed. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. AR (10<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\u2009g\/L) increased ALP activity in a dose\u2010dependent manner, and the highest ALP, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin activities were achieved at an AR concentration of 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u2009g\/L. Therefore, the concentration of 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u2009g\/L was used for promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in subsequent analyses. At this concentration, AR increased the levels of NO and cGMP, and such effects could be blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L\u2010NAME). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. AR induced osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs through the ER\/NO\/cGMP signaling pathway. This finding provides the theoretical foundation for the mechanism of AR in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2615620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T23:31:53Z","timestamp":1479252713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of the ER\/NO\/cGMP Signaling Pathway in the Promotion of Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by <i>Actaea racemosa<\/i> 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