{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:37:35Z","timestamp":1791956255967,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102\/IFD\/SAN 1839\/2008-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102\/IFD\/SAN 1839\/2008-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathogens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study we aimed to determine (i) frequency of<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>species among patients with renal transplantation (RT) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and (ii) relationship of the nature, severity, and duration of symptoms with different species and load of<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>. Stool samples from 70 (42 RT and 28 HIV) and 140 immunocompromised patients with and without cryptosporidiosis by modified Kinyoun\u2019s staining were subjected to qPCR-melting curve analysis for identification of parasite species. qPCR detected one microscopically negative sample to be positive for cryptosporidiosis.<jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>, and mixed infection were detected in 50\/71 (70.4%), 19\/71 (26.8%), and 2\/71 (2.8%) patients, respectively. Patients with cryptosporidiosis had higher stool frequency (median, IQR: 4, 3\u20136\/d versus 3, 2\u20134\/d;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.017<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and watery stool (52\/71 [73%] versus 64\/139 [46%];<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.003<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Parasite load (median, IQR: Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>6.37 (5.65\u20137.12), Log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>5.81 (4.26\u20136.65);<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.046<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and nausea\/vomiting (29\/50 [58%] versus 5\/19 [26%];<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.032<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were more frequent with<jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>than with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>infection. Thus,<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. (mainly<jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>) is a common cause of diarrhoea in RT and HIV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2623602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,14]],"date-time":"2016-02-14T21:01:54Z","timestamp":1455483714000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genotyping of<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>Species and Their Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Renal Transplantation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Asmita","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujjala","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday Chand","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800029253"},{"issue":"12","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.187.12.1334","volume":"187","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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