{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:22:48Z","timestamp":1782800568447,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASIMAS"},{"name":"Fondazione Scientifica Mauriziana"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. T2 inflammation of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) may be influenced by epithelial cytokines release (TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33). We investigated the release of TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 by epithelial CRSwNP cells compared to epithelial sinus mucosa cells of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP were measured by ELISA in the supernatant of cell cultures derived by CRSwNP (9 patients, 6 atopic) and CRSsNP (7 patients, 2 atopic) in baseline condition and following stimulation with<jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>(DP),<jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>(AF), and poly(I:C).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. CRSwNP epithelial cells released increased levels of IL-25 (from 0.12 \u00b1 0.06\u2009pg\/ml to 0.27 \u00b1 0.1\u2009pg\/ml,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and TSLP (from 0.77 \u00b1 0.5\u2009pg\/ml to 2.53 \u00b1 1.17\u2009pg\/ml,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) following poly(I:C) stimulation, while CRSsNP epithelial cells released increased levels of IL-25 and IL-33 following AF and DP stimulation, respectively (IL-25: from 0.18 \u00b1 0.07\u2009pg\/ml to 0.51 \u00b1 0.1\u2009pg\/ml,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; IL-33: from 2.57 \u00b1 1.3\u2009pg\/ml to 5.7 \u00b1 3.1\u2009pg\/ml,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. CRSwNP epithelial cells release TSLP and IL-25 when stimulated by poly(I:C) but not by DP or AF, suggesting that viral infection may contribute to maintain and amplify the T2 immune response seen in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2643297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T16:04:32Z","timestamp":1483027472000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Release of Type 2 Cytokines by Epithelial Cells of Nasal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-037X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica","family":"Boita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Bucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, 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