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Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant is now widely distributed all over the world mainly due to its culinary, medicinal, and commercial uses including in the fragrance and food industries. Among the most important group of compounds isolated from the plant are the abietane\u2010type phenolic diterpenes that account for most of the antioxidant and many pharmacological activities of the plant. Rosemary diterpenes have also been shown in recent years to inhibit neuronal cell death induced by a variety of agents both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The therapeutic potential of these compounds for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is reviewed in this communication by giving special attention to the chemistry of the compounds along with the various pharmacological targets of the disease. The multifunctional nature of the compounds from the general antioxidant\u2010mediated neuronal protection to other specific mechanisms including brain inflammation and amyloid beta (A<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) formation, polymerisation, and pathologies is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2680409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T21:27:01Z","timestamp":1454016421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["The Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/i>) Diterpenes for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Solomon","family":"Habtemariam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","unstructured":"Food Standards Agency Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers https:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/science\/additives\/enumberlist."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0715323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis","volume":"17","author":"Cheung S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-010-0166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2005.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9026487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(99)00133-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206779010387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(00)00184-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Protective effect of a natural herb (Rosmarinus officinalis) against hepatotoxicity in male albino rats","volume":"2","author":"Abdel-Wahhab K. 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