{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:09:59Z","timestamp":1790024999537,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim is to examine whether the interleukin-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>(IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels were different in pleural effusions of tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema. IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, PAI-1, and t-PA levels in pleural fluids of 40 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 38 patients with tuberculous empyema were measured. The levels of IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, PAI-1, and t-PA in the pleural effusions were different between tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema; it could be helpful to differentiate the two diseases. The levels of PAI-1, IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>were higher and t-PA, IL-6 were lower in pleural effusions of the patients with tuberculous empyema and who must undergo operation than the patients who could be treated with closed drainage and anti-TB chemotheraphy. These indications may be helpful to evaluate whether the patient needs the operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3068103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T16:01:29Z","timestamp":1456761689000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of Cytokine Levers in Pleural Effusions of Tuberculous Pleurisy and Tuberculous Empyema"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-8509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Immunology Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, 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