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Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia is mediated by several identified pathways: polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, advanced glycosylation end-products, and glycolysis. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for most of the production of reactive oxygen and nitrosative species. These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and nucleic acid damage, to finally induce axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The prevalence of DPN ranges from 2.4% to 78.8% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic method and the population assessed (hospital-based or outpatients). Risk factors include age, male gender, duration of diabetes, uncontrolled glycaemia, height, overweight and obesity, and insulin treatment. Several diagnostic methods have been developed, and composite scores combined with nerve conduction studies are the most reliable to identify early DPN. Treatment should be directed to improve etiologic factors besides reducing symptoms; several approaches have been evaluated to reduce neuropathic impairments and improve nerve conduction, such as oral antidiabetics, statins, and antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid, ubiquinone, and flavonoids).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3425617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T17:08:15Z","timestamp":1481562495000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Rom\u00e1n-Pintos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, 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