{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:51:52Z","timestamp":1779205912851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DePaul-Rosalind Franklin University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nematode<jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>explores the environment using a combination of different movement patterns, which include straight movement, reversal, and turns. We propose to quantify<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>movement behavior using a computer vision approach based on run-length encoding of step-length data. In this approach, the path of<jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>is encoded as a string of characters, where each character represents a path segment of a specific type of movement. With these encoded string data, we perform<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-means cluster analysis to distinguish movement behaviors resulting from different genotypes and food availability. We found that shallow and sharp turns are the most critical factors in distinguishing the differences among the movement behaviors. To validate our approach, we examined the movement behavior of<jats:italic>tph-1<\/jats:italic>mutants that lack an enzyme responsible for serotonin biosynthesis. A<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-means cluster analysis with the path string-encoded data showed that<jats:italic>tph-1<\/jats:italic>movement behavior on food is similar to that of wild-type animals off food. We suggest that this run-length encoding approach is applicable to trajectory data in animal or human mobility data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3516089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T18:29:13Z","timestamp":1467311353000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Run-Length Encoding Approach for Path Analysis of<i>C. elegans<\/i>Search Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-2606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongkyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064-3095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Furst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-7234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniela","family":"Raicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020085"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35000609"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"WormBook"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244x-13-118"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002208"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1554"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024666"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.01.011"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145870"},{"issue":"12","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05407.1993","volume":"13","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.079780"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)80527-9"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)81199-x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.001"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040121"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409009101"},{"key":"18","year":"2000"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.725367"},{"key":"21","year":"2011"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2011.2120618"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010933404324"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02590"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3633-08.2009"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013914"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.052092"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/3516089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/3516089.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/3516089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T09:19:21Z","timestamp":1568107161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/3516089\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["3516089","3516089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3516089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}