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Using autografts, there is donor site morbidity, subsequent sensory deficit, and potential for neuroma development and infection. Moreover, the need for a second surgical site and limited availability of donor nerves remain a challenge. Thus, increasing efforts have been directed to develop artificial nerve guidance conduits (ANCs) as new methods to replace autografts in the future. Various synthetic conduit materials have been tested<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo,<\/jats:italic>and several first- and second-generation conduits are FDA approved and available for purchase, while third-generation conduits still remain in experimental stages. This paper reviews the current treatment options, summarizes the published literature, and assesses future prospects for the repair of peripheral nerve injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery with a particular focus on facial nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3856262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,31]],"date-time":"2016-07-31T17:03:46Z","timestamp":1469984626000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Repair: Generations of Biomaterial Conduits Yielding to Replacing Autologous Nerve Grafts in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9061-7220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Gaudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear 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