{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:06:20Z","timestamp":1771265180862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009-0083538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009-0083538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is thought to be a key risk factor in the development of hepatic diseases. Blocking or retarding the reactions of oxidation and the inflammatory process by antioxidants could be a promising therapeutic intervention for prevention or treatment of liver injuries. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin\u2010type monomers and oligomers derived from lychee fruit. In this study, we investigated the anti\u2010inflammatory effect of oligonol on carbon tetrachloride\u2010 (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010) induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 or 50\u2009mg\/kg) reduced CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced abnormalities in liver histology and serum AST and serum ALT levels. Oligonol treatment attenuated the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that oligonol suppressed proinflammatory nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B) p65 activation, phosphorylation of extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase (ERK), c\u2010Jun NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as Akt. Oligonol exhibited strong antioxidative activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and hepatoprotective activity against <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010butyl hydroperoxide\u2010induced HepG2 cells. Taken together, oligonol showed antioxidative and anti\u2010inflammatory effects in CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010intoxicated rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B activation via blockade of the activation of upstream kinases including MAPKs and Akt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3935841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T21:00:47Z","timestamp":1450731647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Oligonol Ameliorates CCl<sub>4<\/sub>\u2010Induced Liver Injury in Rats via the NF\u2010Kappa B and MAPK Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Jeonghyeon","family":"Bak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nam 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