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It is an important public health problem worldwide caused by the protozoan parasite from the<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>genus. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of this disease transmitted by the bite of an infected sandfly into the host skin. The parasites can be uptook and\/or recognized by macrophages, neutrophils, and\/or dendritic cells (DCs). Initially, DCs were described to play a protective role in activating the immune response against<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>parasites. However, several reports showed a dichotomic role of DCs in modulating the host immune response to susceptibility or resistance in CL. In this review, we discuss (1) the interactions between DCs and parasites from different species of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>and (2) the crosstalk of DCs and other cells during CL infection. The complexity of these interactions profoundly affects the adaptive immune response and, consequently, the disease outcome, especially from<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species of the New World.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3967436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]],"date-time":"2016-01-19T21:52:22Z","timestamp":1453240342000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Dendritic Cells and<i>Leishmania<\/i>Infection: Adding Layers of Complexity to a Complex Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisas Gon\u00e7alo Moniz (CPqGM), 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tib\u00farcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisas Gon\u00e7alo Moniz (CPqGM), 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade 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