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These physiological disorders may lead to changes on the functions of ionic channels, which in turn form the basis for cardiac alternans. In this paper, we investigated the roles of hyperkalemia and calcium handling components played in the genesis of alternans in ischemia at the cellular level by using computational simulations. The results show that hyperkalemic reduced cell excitability and delayed recovery from inactivation of depolarization currents. The inactivation time constant<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c4<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>of L-type calcium current (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) increased obviously in hyperkalemia. One cycle length was not enough for<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to recover completely. Alternans developed as a result of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>responding to stimulation every other beat. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA2a) function decreased in ischemia. This change resulted in intracellular Ca (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) alternans of small magnitude. A strong Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>exchange current (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">X<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) increased the magnitude of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">a<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>alternans, leading to APD alternans through excitation-contraction coupling. Some alternated repolarization currents contributed to this repolarization alternans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4310634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T16:03:42Z","timestamp":1481645022000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["In Silico Investigation into Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiac Alternans in Myocardial Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-1446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yinglan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-9693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ling","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021014-071622"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(97)00093-x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.029"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.11.079"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2010.00154"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/becb.s10960"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.b1300177"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.104.502831"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000119923.64774.72"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213975"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.115.307836"},{"issue":"3","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.3.917","volume":"79","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.55.2.176"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00794.2003"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.11.045"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(73)80443-0"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.48.070179.001423"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240100667"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/951704"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0127"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.03.018"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.108.130955"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35625"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.06.031"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/4310634.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/4310634.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/4310634.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T09:45:36Z","timestamp":1568627136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2016\/4310634\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["4310634","4310634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4310634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}