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In women,<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>has been associated with cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and adverse birth outcomes, indicating a consistent relationship with female genital tract pathology. The global prevalence of<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>among symptomatic and asymptomatic sexually active women ranges between 1 and 6.4%.<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>may play a role in pathogenesis as an independent sexually transmitted pathogen or by facilitating coinfection with another pathogen. The long-term reproductive consequences of<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>infection in asymptomatic individuals need to be investigated further. Though screening for this pathogen is not currently recommended, it should be considered in high-risk populations. Recent guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control regarding first-line treatment for PID do not cover<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>but recommend considering treatment in patients without improvement on standard PID regimens. Prospective studies on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term reproductive consequences of<jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>infection in the general population are needed to determine if screening protocols are necessary. New treatment regimens need to be investigated due to increasing drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4513089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T17:01:08Z","timestamp":1461690068000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>: An Overlooked Sexually Transmitted Pathogen in Women?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Samsiya","family":"Ona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose L.","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, 1620 Tremont 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