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In ischemic rat model, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) was performed for 2\u2009h, followed by intravenous transplantation of hBM\u2010MSCs or phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS) the day following MCAo. Metabolic profiling analysis of PAs was examined in brains from three groups: control rats, PBS\u2010treated MCAo rats (MCAo), and hBM\u2010MSCs\u2010treated MCAo rats (MCAo + hBM\u2010MSCs). In ischemic cell model, SH\u2010SY5Y cells were exposed to OGD for 24\u2009h, treated with hBM\u2010MSCs (OGD + hBM\u2010MSCs) prior to continued aerobic incubation, and then samples were collected after coculture for 72\u2009h. In the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MCAo ischemic model, levels of some PAs in brain samples of the MCAo and MCAo + hBM\u2010MSCs groups were significantly different from those of the control group. 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