{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:16:01Z","timestamp":1769750161865,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201410159010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201410159010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>. To assess the effects of two-phase treatment with the Herbst and the preadjusted edgewise appliances on upper airway dimensions and to investigate the correlation between changes in the upper airway dimensions and skeletal morphologies.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A total of 27 Chinese male adolescents aged<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">12.8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>years were selected. Lateral cephalograms were collected to assess the skeletal morphology and upper airway dimensions.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Following Herbst appliance treatment, the upper airway space was significantly enlarged, with the retropalatal (U-MPW) increasing by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.1<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.6<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), the retroglossal (PASmin) increasing by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and the hypopharynx (V-LPW) enlarging by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.6<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">3.0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). PASmin was found to show a negative correlation to the mandibular plane angle (MnPl-SN) by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.413<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). There was no significant change (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) in upper airway dimensions during the second-phase treatment.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Herbst appliance treatment increased the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions among adolescents with Class II malocclusion, and the effects were maintained throughout the second treatment phase with a preadjusted edgewise appliance. There was a negative correlation between the change in the depth of the retroglossal pharynx and the mandibular plane angle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4697467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T17:02:59Z","timestamp":1458234179000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of Two-Phase Treatment with the Herbst and Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances on the Upper Airway Dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Woei Li","family":"Koay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0350-352X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital 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