{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:21:20Z","timestamp":1772626880525,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>The risk factors for<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) pneumonia are not fully identified. The aim of this work was to find out the clinical characteristics associated with<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>infection in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which may be applicable for more appropriate selection of empiric antibiotic therapy.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>From July 2007 to June 2010, patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit with severe HCAP\/HAP and severe sepsis were enrolled in this study. Lower respiratory tract sample was semiquantitatively cultured. Initial broad-spectrum antibiotics were chosen by Taiwan or American guidelines for pneumonia management. Standard bundle therapies were provided to all patients according to the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>The most frequently isolated pathogens were<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Patients with positive isolation of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>in culture had significantly higher history of liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, with odds ratios of 3.098 and 1.899, respectively. The<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>pneumonia was not correlated with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and hemodialysis.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>Liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus may be risk factors for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>infection in patients with severe HCAP or HAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4706150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T16:01:43Z","timestamp":1456156903000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Liver Cirrhosis and Diabetes Mellitus Are Risk Factors for<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>Infection in Patients with Healthcare-Associated or Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Huang-Pin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Anle District, Keelung 20401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Ming","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Anle District, Keelung 20401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Anle District, Keelung 20401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Chieh","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Anle District, Keelung 20401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 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