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Aside from the established toxic effects of high\u2010dose H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, research over the past decade revealed that cells endogenously produce small amounts of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S with physiological functions. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S has therefore been classified as a \u201cgasotransmitter.\u201d A major challenge for cells and tissues is the maintenance of low physiological concentrations of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in order to prevent potential toxicity. Epithelia of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract are especially faced with this problem, since these barriers are predominantly exposed to exogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S from environmental sources or sulfur\u2010metabolising microbiota. In this paper, we review the cellular mechanisms by which epithelial cells maintain physiological, endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S concentrations. Furthermore, we suggest a concept by which epithelia use their electrolyte and liquid transport machinery as defence mechanisms in order to eliminate exogenous sources for potentially harmful H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4723416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T21:20:54Z","timestamp":1453324854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Epithelial Electrolyte Transport Physiology and the Gasotransmitter Hydrogen Sulfide"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Ervice","family":"Pouokam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Althaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(77)90216-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904082106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0211hyp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NBS.NSRDS.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902952106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1996.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0445-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3md00362k"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300163e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja505371z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46118-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","volume-title":"Bergey\u2032s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology","author":"Bergey D. 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