{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:31:22Z","timestamp":1761863482553,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Keihanna Science City Healthcare Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan"},{"name":"Tateisi Science and Technology Foundation, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep body temperature (DBT) has yet to be measured continuously in everyday life, even though it is useful in physiological monitoring and chronobiology studies. We tried to address this issue by developing a transcutaneous thermometer based on the dual-heat-flux method (DHFM) invoking the principle of heat transfer, for which measurement error was mitigated by elaborate design. First, a structural modification based on the original design of the DHFM was implemented by the finite element method. Based on the results of the simulations, prototypes were then implemented and tested with an experimental system that mimicked the thermometer being applied to skin. The simulation phase proposed the adoption of an aluminum cover to boost measurement accuracy and suggested that thermometers of different height be chosen according to specified requirements. The results of the mock-up experiments support the modification put forward in the simulation phase: the standard type (15\u2009mm in height) achieved the accuracy with error below 0.3\u00b0C while the thin type (9\u2009mm in height) attained accuracy with error less than 0.5\u00b0C under normal ambient temperature ranging from 20 to 30\u00b0C. Even though the design should also be examined<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, it is believed that this study is an important step in developing a practical noninvasive deep body thermometer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4828093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T16:00:50Z","timestamp":1450108850000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Structural Optimization of a Wearable Deep Body Thermometer: From Theoretical Simulation to Experimental Verification"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 6300192, Japan"}]},{"given":"Toshiyo","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Shijonawate, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-2847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zunyi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Shijonawate, Japan"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Information Technology Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Tsuruga, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shigehiko","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 6300192, Japan"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"year":"2010","key":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"8","volume":"212","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"3","first-page":"644","volume":"11","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/32\/5\/005"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005400300026"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R129","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.1.R129","volume":"275","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Physiology\u2014Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1316","volume":"279","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.04.009"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2008.03.004"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.09.004"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2014.11.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1948.1.2.93","volume":"1","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"year":"2006","key":"14"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442312"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000161682.63535.9b"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/4828093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/4828093.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/4828093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T09:40:53Z","timestamp":1567417253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/4828093\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["4828093","4828093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4828093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-725X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7268"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}