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The increased susceptibility to hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) of periventricular white matter in preterm infants predisposes the immature brain to motor, cognitive, and sensory deficits, with cognitive impairment associated with earlier gestational age. In term infants HI causes selective damage to sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brain stem. Even though the immature brain is more malleable to external stimuli compared to the adult one, a hypoxic-ischaemic event to the neonate interrupts the shaping of central motor pathways and can affect normal developmental plasticity through altering neurotransmission, changes in cellular signalling, neural connectivity and function, wrong targeted innervation, and interruption of developmental apoptosis. Models of neonatal HI demonstrate three morphologically different types of cell death, that is, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, which crosstalk and can exist as a continuum in the same cell. In the present review we discuss the mechanisms of HI injury to the immature brain and the way they affect plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4901014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1457384468000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Plasticity in the Neonatal Brain following Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Eridan","family":"Rocha-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London WC1E 6HX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5017-5744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariya","family":"Hristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Women\u2019s Health, Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London 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