{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:14:16Z","timestamp":1790403256531,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:italic>\n . Environmental risk factors, such as air pollution, have been studied in relation to the risk of development of rheumatic diseases. We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the existing knowledge.\n Methods<\/jats:italic>\n . MEDLINE (1946 to September 2016) and EMBASE (1980 to 2016, week 37) databases were searched using MeSH terms and keywords to identify cohort, case-control, and case cross-over studies reporting risk estimates for the development of select rheumatic diseases in relation to exposure of measured air pollutants (\n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 8<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:math>\n ). We extracted information on the population sample and study period, method of case and exposure determination, and the estimate of association.\n Results<\/jats:italic>\n . There was no consistent evidence of an increased risk for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with exposure to NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , SO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n , or PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n . Case-control studies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) indicated higher odds of diagnosis with increasing PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n exposure, as well as an increased relative risk for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in American children <5.5 years of age. There was no association with SARDs and NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n exposure.\n Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n . There is evidence for a possible association between air pollutant exposures and the development of SARDs and JIA, but relationships with other rheumatic diseases are less clear.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5356307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T17:03:39Z","timestamp":1477415019000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Association between Air Pollution and the Development of Rheumatic Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Gavin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Hazlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-2802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilaad G.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertus","family":"Eksteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, 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